This collection consists of maritime statistics and analysis reports from the maritime sector. Many are commercially published, available only to researches on campus or authorized via the library proxy server.
All reports are made available for fair use, academic purposes only. Research for commercial purposes is strictly prohibited
Drewry Shipping Insight (series)
UNCTAD Review of Maritime Transport (series)
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A pilot study of passenger vessel casualties
Anish Arvind Hebbar, Serdar Yildiz, Mahmoud Mohamed Attia Metwalli, Nadhir Kahlouche, Jens-Uwe Schröder-Hinrichs, and World Maritime University
Movement of people is poised to be the next big thing in shipping. At the same time, almost 2,000 deaths are believed to occur annually as a result of passenger vessel accidents. A sample of 78 marine safety investigation reports for the period 2010-2021 drawn from the IMO’s marine casualty investigation database were found to have resulted in 319 fatalities and 19 injuries besides total loss of five vessels and material damage to 61 other vessels.
Therefore, this study attempted to look into passenger ship accidents as a whole to identify commonalities and contributing factors that may not be immediately apparent when looking at accidents individually. A particular focus of the study was the human element. IMO Circular MSC-MEPC.3/Circ.4/Rev.1 formed the basis for the taxonomy applied in this study.
The key findings of the study suggest the following: (a) not all human error belongs onboard given that the attribution of human erroneous actions in the analysed sample of passenger ship accidents was around 37% with the remainder attributed to the human element in organisational and management contributing factors, and external agencies; (b) safety off-duty matters equally given that as many as 20-45% of the errors in occupational accidents were linked to the onboard safety culture beyond the seafarers’ watch hours; (c) voyage planning needs preparing given that inadequate attention to safety management contributed nearly 30% in the occurrence pattern of groundings; (d) shore personnel attending to cargo operations and maintenance onboard need crew in attendance given that shore personnel would be unfamiliar with the ship and its work environment, and likely to suffer occupational accidents if left unattended during routine activities, or even during conduct of drills onboard; and (e) survival craft hook needs a relook given the continuing occupational accidents involving the inadvertent release of survival craft during recovery of craft from water.
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Safety of domestic ferries: A scoping study of seven high-risk countries
Anish Hebbar, Serdar Yildiz, Nadhir Kahlouche, and Jens-Uwe Schröder-Hinrichs
Ferry accidents are fairly common globally, causing countless deaths and injuries. Whereas ferry transportation is an integral part of the domestic transport infrastructure in many countries, particularly archipelagic countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines, river deltaic countries like Bangladesh, countries with extensive riverine systems such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria and Senegal, or even a combination of great lakes, rivers and archipelago such as Tanzania, these countries are experiencing a high number of ferry accidents and fatalities over the past two decades and, therefore, considered high-risk countries in the ferry transport sector. International community continuously seeks to enhance safety in the domestic ferry industry. Thus, a scoping study has been conducted on the safety of domestic ferries in these seven high-risk countries. The study utilizes a structured methodology to identify focus areas in the seven countries for enhancing safety in the domestic ferry sector. The analysis involves past domestic ferry accidents, maritime profile, industry demographics and stakeholder matrix, regulatory and governance climate, political landscape, and amenability to change and external intervention. Eventually, the study proposes a conceptual framework with fifteen distinct criteria, identified against five attributes as an aid to the decision-making in a country for considering a safety intervention with a high likelihood of success and a significant positive impact on safety in the domestic ferry sector. Furthermore, current hazards threatening the safety of domestic ferries and their role in the formation of accidents; key stakeholders of domestic ferry sector and their state of play; national regulations related to the safety of domestic ferries and alignment with the IMO model regulations; national political landscape; state’s willingness to facilitate and receive a safety intervention; and public attitude towards safety are presented in the respective countries using globally recognized indices, questionnaire surveys and personal interviews.
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Capacity-building project to progress the implementation of international instruments to combat IUU fishing (CAPFISH) : Workshop 3, 18-21 October 2022
World Maritime University
Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is a complex and multifaceted problem, with dire consequences for aquatic ecosystems, coastal communities, fishers and fish workers, and economic and national security. It particularly affects developing countries, and is estimated to cost the global economy USD 20 billion each year. This represents foregone taxes, license fees, and revenue from resources that could have been legally exploited. Future opportunities are also lost as fish stocks dwindle and collapse, with knock-on socioeconomic effects. As those involved in IUU fishing seek to cut costs wherever possible, and are often involved in other illegal activities, IUU fishing is also associated with human rights violations and poor working conditions, unsafe vessels, and maritime crimes such as drugs smuggling, arms smuggling, and human trafficking. The CAPFISH Project offers training on IUU fishing and tools to address it to those in key positions in developing countries, and fosters networks at regional and international level. This report provides an overview of the third CAPFISH workshop on IUU fishing, and contains abstracts from the presentations, biographies of the speakers and details of the attendees.
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Synchromodality as a prospective digitalization scheme for freight logistics : a pre-study report
World Maritime University and Trafikverket
The proliferation of digital technologies presents a potential avenue to transform the freight logistics industry by streamlining the information flow, increasing the flexibility of transportation routes, and creating a more effective and efficient freight logistics system. In an endeavor to gain a comprehensive understanding of the industry’s needs/challenges and to formulate a proficient policy framework to address them, a pre-study was undertaken at the World Maritime University (WMU). This scholarly exploration centered on the concept of synchromodality, which involves the harmonization of different freight logistics modalities.
The study delineates a working definition of synchromodality within the context of freight logistics. Furthermore, it proffers a Synchromodality Maturity Model designed to evaluate the digitalization progress of stakeholders in the industry. This assessment is supported by case investigations into Roll-on/Roll-off logistics in Sweden.
Working Definition: Synchromodality is an operational concept applicable to freight logistics for the purpose of adding value to customers by organizing and utilizing resources in an effective and efficient way, that can be achieved through facilitating integration amongst stakeholders along the logistics chain and enhancing their operational visibility and flexibility.
The outcomes of this study carry noteworthy implications for both policy formulation and industrial implementation. The study advocates that policymakers allocate considerable resources to invest in digital infrastructure and establish standardized data protocols to foster collaborative partnerships. Moreover, logistics service providers are encouraged to pivot their strategies on generating customer value, nurturing collaborative ecosystems, and enhancing human capital in the context of data-centric methodologies.
It is postulated that synchromodality could increase operational efficiency through optimal utilization of transportation resources, improve environmental sustainability, and enhance customer satisfaction. Exploring future studies in this area is required to achieve synchromodality in practice, such as:
- Towards enhancing digital infrastructure for greater freight logistics services
- Towards striving for seamless integration of all stakeholders in freight logistics chains
- Towards facilitating technology adoption in the freight logistics network
This pre-study project was funded by Trafikverket and was supported by various logistics companies, shippers, and academic organizations.
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Mental health interventions for international seafarers during the COVID-19 Pandemic : a pilot study
Sanley Abila, Lijun Tang, Momoko Kitada, Serafin Malecosio, and Rhea Subong
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the key role that seafarers play in the global supply chain. As the pandemic took hold in early 2020 a significant crew change crisis unfolded globally due to border closures, strict quarantine requirements and a faltering vaccination rollout. In normal times the mental health of seafarers has been recognised as crucial to their wellbeing and safety at sea. Stranded aboard their vessels and with an unclear pathway out of the pandemic the mental health of seafarers deteriorated significantly driving some to suicide.
With 400,000 seafarers stranded at sea at one point, the issue was framed as an ongoing humanitarian crisis. Stakeholders within the maritime industry including companies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) responded by providing mental health and psychosocial support typical of crisis intervention aiming ‘to protect or promote psychosocial wellbeing and/or prevent or treat mental disorder’ as defined by the IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings. However, it is unknown which of these measures are available to seafarers, and perhaps more importantly, which interventions they believe are most beneficial to their mental health and wellbeing. These are the questions our study explored. In this report, we present our findings and analyse the psychosocial or mental health interventions that seafarers have experienced, as well as how these measures are perceived in the context of the ongoing pandemic. We can evaluate individual intervention measures and provide policy recommendations based on this data.
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Social security rights of the European resident seafarers - a joint report of the European Transport Workers’ Federation and World Maritime University
World Maritime University and European Transport Workers' Federation
This report presents a mapping exercise undertaken to assess whether national laws and regulations in 10 European Union (EU) countries (Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Italy, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, and Romania), one European Economic Area (EEA) country (Norway) and the United Kingdom (UK), provide for coverage to seafarers residing in EU/EEA Member States, Switzerland (CH) or the UK. A qualitative methodology combining desktop research and empirical legal analysis was used to gather data as to the particularities of their legal framework and how it works in practice. The focus is on the cross-border nature of the profession and whether the regulatory framework provides for effective communication, cooperation and coordination among the relevant countries for the employment relationship and its social security aspects as well as its operation in practice.
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Impact of including maritime transport in the EU ETS
World Maritime University, University of Gothenburg, Julia Hansson, Lars Zetterberg, Johan Rootzén, Rasmus Parsmo, Erik Fridell, Jonas Flodén, Johan Woxenius, Zeeshan Raza, Anastasia Christodoulou, Dimitrios Dalaklis, and Aykut I. Ölcer
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Manning Annual review and Forecast 2021/2022
Drewry
Manning Annual Review & Forecast Annual 2021/22 provides one of the most complete annual assessments of vessel manning costs available in a single source. Seafarer cost assessments, trends and employment terms are provided for 38 representative ship types, spanning the chemical, container, dry bulk, general cargo, LPG, LNG, offshore, oil tankers, reefers and RoRo sectors. The report also examines current and projected supply and demand for seafarers and the likely impact on skills requirements and wage costs.
- Benchmark crew wages and employment terms - Officer wage rates 2011-2021 and voyage length/leave by nationality covering container, dry bulk, LNG and tankers
- Crew budgets - Crewing budgets including wage, victualing, travel and miscellaneous costs, for 38 different vessel types & sizes covering the chemical, container, dry bulk, general cargo, LPG, LNG, offshore, oil tankers, reefers and RoRo sectors
- Employment terms & 5-year cost forecasts - Trends in terms and conditions of service, including voyage length and leave, as well as manning cost forecasts covering the period 2022-2026
- Seafarer supply – Latest trends and projections for seafarer supply, including assessments of key drivers such as occupation and wage rate attractiveness relative to shore-based roles, with forecasts of officer supply to 2026
- Seafarer demand – Latest trends and projections for seafarer demand, including assessment of key drivers such as fleet development by sector, on-board numbers and backup ratios, with forecasts of officer demand to 2026
- Global seafarer supply and demand – Complete analysis and projections for seafarer availability, together with implications for different vessel sectors and overall wage levels, as well as forecasts to 2026
- Country analysis - Seafarer supply 2014-2021, 2021 wage rates breakdown across 10 pay grades, premium rates, pay relative to shore-based roles, seafarer reputation and market sentiment. Data covers Bulgaria, China, Croatia, India, Latvia, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine and UK
- Rising seafarer supply regions/countries: Analysis of emerging sources of seafarer supply in Africa and South East Asia. Data covers Indonesia, Myanmar and Vietnam
- Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on manning: Analysis of impacts on seafarer mental health, future seafarer supply, cost implications and mitigation options
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Empowering women for the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development
World Maritime University
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Seafarers’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic
B. Pauksztat, M. Grech, M. Kitada, and R.B. Jensen
This report provides an overview of preliminary findings of a study on the experiences of seafarers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose was to examine the impact of the pandemic on seafarers’ work and life on board as well as on their mental health and exhaustion, and identify factors that may mitigate the negative impact of the pandemic
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A culture of adjustment : evaluating the implementation of the current maritime regulatory framework on rest and work hours (EVREST).
World Maritime University
Underreporting of work hours or adjustment of work/rest hour records1 has been suggested by previous research to be a common practice in the shipping sector. With this starting point, the World Maritime University has conducted exploratory research into the implementation of the current regulatory and administrative framework on work and rest hours. The associated research activities broadly aimed to achieve the following: 1. Investigate stakeholder perceptions of the capacity of the current international regulatory framework to effectively prevent fatigue; 2. To assess the barriers to effective implementation on board ships; and 3. To evaluate the level of compliance with the current regulatory regime.
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Third WMU International Women's Conference : Empowering Women in the Maritime Community
World Maritime University
On 24 September 2019, the World Maritime University released Conference Report for the WMU Third International Women's Conference on Empowering Women in the Maritime Community that was held in April of the same year. The conference brought maritime and ocean stakeholders together at WMU to discuss the common challenge of gender equality and to address the gender gap in the maritime, oceans, ports, fishing and related industries.
As a result of the two-day event, over 350 participants from more than 70 countries adopted conclusions identifying 17 actions that could be taken to advance gender balance in the maritime and oceans sectors. The conclusions serve as best practice guidance for all stakeholders committed to action focused on increasing gender balance across maritime and ocean industries. In addition to the conclusions, the Conference Report summarizes the most significant outcomes of the Conference by session and speaker.
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Transport 2040 : analysis of technical developments in transport - maritime, air, rail and road
World Maritime University
A number of technical and socio-technical factors are driving the development and adoption of automation. The report, Transport 2040: Automation, Technology, Employment – The Future of Work, provided an overview of the most important trends forecasted to affect the global transport sector by 2040. This current report provides additional details of that assessment. The research conducted is guided by a transport-technology analytical model that provides a structure for a systematic review across different modes of transport. This report reviews, in particular, the transportation technology through the lens of transport vehicles (e.g. ships, trucks, trains, aircraft) and the technical infrastructure that is needed for the operation of the vehicle (e.g. waterways and harbours, roads, railway tracks and freight terminals, as well as controlled airspace and airports).
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Transport 2040: Automation in airports: Automatic baggage handling systems - Technology and transformation
World Maritime University
This study highlights the challenges and implications of airport baggage handling automation so as to better describe the trends depicted in the Transport 2040 Report. This is achieved through a short background review and related case studies. It is hoped that such an investigation will identify the major challenges that the aviation industry needs to address so that stakeholders can better prepare for the future
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Transport 2040: Automation, Technology, Employment - The Future of Work
World Maritime University
On 15 January 2019, the International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) and the World Maritime University (WMU) launched a flagship report entitled: “Transport 2040: Automation Technology Employment - the Future of Work”. The forward-looking assessment, produced by WMU, investigates how the global transport industry will change as a result of automation and advanced technologies, forecasting and analyzing trends and developments in the major transport sectors - seaborne, road, rail and aviation - to 2040 with an emphasis on the implications for jobs and employment for transport workers.
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Transport 2040: Autonomous ships: A new paradigm for Norwegian shipping - Technology and transformation
World Maritime University
The main section of this study summarizes overall trends and provides a global overview about developments in all four modes of transport. However, as highlighted in its main findings, technology and automation evolves in different ways in different contexts and environments.
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Transport 2040: Truck platooning: The Australian case - Technology and transformation
World Maritime University
This study details a transport mode, a specific technology option in a specific country. In particular, this study covers truck platooning in road transport, with the focus on Australia. The Transport 2040: Automation, Technology, Employment – The Future of Work Report identified a series of key trends in the context of future transport technologies vis-à-vis transport workers’ employment situation and the wider ramifications on the market. Some of these trends are mode-specific, technology-specific, or specific to a certain geographic location and thus they do not develop in the same manner in all local contexts.
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Manning Annual review and Forecast 2018/19
Drewry
Is seafarer supply matching the demand from today’s global fleet? Drewry Maritime Research’s Manning Annual Review & Forecast 2018/19 report tackles this question and also sets out the facts concerning wage rates and terms of employment that dictate the cost of manning vessels.
- Global Seafarer - supply and demand - How has the seafarer supply changed in relation to the wider changes in the size of the world merchant fleet? Drewry provides forecasts up to 2023.
- Seafarer supply - Where is the global supply coming from and how has this changed? Projected additional officer supply 2019–2023.
- Seafarer demand - Fleet sector changes 2010-2018 for the 6 main vessel sectors of chemicals, containers, dry bulk, LNG, LPG and oil tankers. Projected fleet development and officer requirements 2019-2023.
- Benchmark crew wages and employment terms - Officer wage rates 2010-2018 covering chemical, container, dry bulk, LPG, LNG and oil tankers, ITF uniform "TCC" collective agreement 2014-2018.
- Crew budgets - Crewing budgets including wage, victualing, travel and miscellaneous costs, covering 33 different vessel types & sizes for the above cargo carrying sectors.
- Employment terms & 5-year cost forecasts - Trends in terms and conditions of service, including voyage length and leave, as well as manning cost forecasts covering the period 2019-2023.
- Country analysis - Seafarer numbers 2012-2018, 2018 wage rates breakdown across 10 grades, premium rates, reputation and market sentiment. Data covers Bulgaria, China, Croatia, India, Latvia, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine and UK.
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A.P. MØLLER - MÆRSK A/S sustainability report, 2016
A.P. MØLLER - MÆRSK A/S
This report covers activities in the 2016 calendar year. Our approach to reporting is to focus on material issues and activities, in line with stakeholder concerns and relevance in terms of context, completeness and balance. We strive for optimal accuracy, timeliness, clarity and reliability in the way we communicate. This report also represents our statutory statement on social responsibility & underrepresented gender in accordance with sections §99a & b of the Danish Financial Statements Act. A.P. Moller - Maersk’s Sustainabiity accounting principles can be downloaded here: www.maersk.com/sustainabilityreport-2016-accounting-principles Previous years’ data and our UN Global Compact Communications on Progress table is also available online. Please visit http://www.maersk.com/en/themaersk-group/sustainability/reports
