The importance of green ammonia in Namibia's decarbonisation of shipping : economic prospects and port infrastructure obstacles
Date of Award
11-1-2025
Document Type
Dissertation
Degree Name
Master of Science in Maritime Affairs
Specialization
Maritime Energy Management
Campus
Malmö, Sweden
Country
Namibia
First Advisor
Fabio Ballini
Abstract
Green ammonia is starting to be viewed as a credible alternative fuel solution for maritime decarbonisation, however its implementation is limited in ports owing to various financial, regulatory and infrastructural constraints. This dissertation explores the feasibility of bunkering green ammonia in Namibia, drawing from the learnings of the Port of Rotterdam. The study utilizes a mixed-method approach, with semi-structured interviews of maritime engineers in the port, policy development experts, and risk managers that range across issues of stakeholder engagement, safety standards, and governance gaps. Scenario analysis can quantify the economic feasibility of bunkering under assumptions of vessel demand, fuel prices and capital expenditure. In summary, the results of the study indicate that demand uncertainty, high upfront costs, and regulatory ambiguity are significant determinants of long-term feasibility. The study identifies opportunities for defining stakeholder engagement alongside economic modelling; creating a more cohesive framework for Namibia's ports to incorporate international best practice. The insights from the research have made a contribution to the existing policy and industry debate on ways for Namibia to position itself as a climate resilient and low-emission maritime hub.