Date of Award
1997
Document Type
Dissertation
Degree Name
Master of Science in Maritime Affairs
Specialization
General Maritime Administration & Environment Protection
Campus
Malmö, Sweden
Country
Egypt
First Advisor
Sampson, Theodore.
Abstract
Marine environmental protection is becoming, increasingly, a world-wide demand. Marine accidental and operational pollution due to shipping activities, though contributing by a relatively small percentage of the annual global inputs into the seas, is characterized by massive releases of oil or hazardous substances causing acute pollution, which enjoys media coverage and public concem. The human factor has always been behind most accidental and operational marine pollution from shipping activities The IMO emphasised the role of the human factor in the effective and efficient implementation of international regulations, including marine pollutin prevention, through the revised STCW 1978, as amended in 1995. _Consequently, the Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport (AAST&MT) in Egypt, as a regional maritime institute, has taken a commitment to work on promoting competence standard requirements of intemational regulations including marine pollution prevention. In order to achieve the objectives of the AAST&MT, conducting an assessment of the standards of maritime education and training conceming marine environmental protection was necessary. The Maritime Basic Studies Program (MBSP), a two-year academic common program for prospective officers in the AAST&MT, has been chosen in this dissertation to be reviewed, examined and evaluated. The methodology of standards assessment was followed at two levels: 1. Reviewing and analysing the curricular system of the MBSP evaluating adequacy and relevance of the subject areas concerning marine environmental protection. 2. Conducting a survey in the form of a questionnaire to evaluate the standards of environmental awareness of cadets in the AAST&M'I‘_ Consequently, ma.rine enviromnental protection curricula were prepared for the MBSP on basis of three major axis: 1. Deficiencies in the subject areas concerning marine environmental protection in the MBSP. 2. Standards of environmental awareness of cadets in the AAST&MT. 3. The competence and standard of knowledge requirements of the revised STCW 1978, as amended in 1995, concerning marine pollution prevention and antipollution procedures. The syllabuses were prepared to promote environmental culture by providing baseline marine environmental information. They cover international preventive regulations (prevention, mitigation and control), curative regulations (response and clean-up), liability and compensation in cases of oil pollution damage. UNCLOS 1982, which provides the international legal framework of enforcement of environmental legislation, was also covered.